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Compare Bermuda (2004) - Arctic Ocean (2004)

Compare Bermuda (2004) z Arctic Ocean (2004)

 Bermuda (2004)Arctic Ocean (2004)
 BermudaArctic Ocean
Administrative divisions 9 parishes and 2 municipalities*; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton*, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George*, Saint George's, Sandys, Smith's, Southampton, Warwick -
Age structure 0-14 years: 19.1% (male 6,192; female 6,186)


15-64 years: 69.3% (male 22,268; female 22,703)


65 years and over: 11.7% (male 3,295; female 4,291) (2004 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products -
Airports 1 (2003 est.) -
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)		 -
Area total: 53.3 sq km


land: 53.3 sq km


water: 0 sq km		 total: 14.056 million sq km


note: includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies
Area - comparative about one-third the size of Washington, DC slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US
Background Bermuda was first settled in 1609 by shipwrecked English colonists headed for Virginia. Tourism to the island to escape North American winters first developed in Victorian times. Tourism continues to be important to the island's economy, although international business has overtaken it in recent years. Bermuda has developed into a highly successful offshore financial center. A referendum on independence was soundly defeated in 1995. The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the recently delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. A sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes circumscribes the Arctic Ocean.
Birth rate 11.83 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) -
Budget revenues: $671.1 million


expenditures: $594.6 million, including capital expenditures of $55 million (FY03/04)		 -
Capital Hamilton -
Climate subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow
Coastline 103 km 45,389 km
Constitution 8 June 1968, amended 1989 and 2003 -
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Bermuda


former: Somers Islands		 -
Currency Bermudian dollar (BMD) -
Death rate 7.55 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) -
Debt - external $160 million (FY99/00) -
Dependency status overseas territory of the UK -
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Deputy Chief of Mission Antoinette BOECKER


consulate(s) general: Crown Hill, 16 Middle Road, Devonshire DVO3


mailing address: P. O. Box HM325, Hamilton HMBX; American Consulate General Hamilton, Department of State, 5300 Hamilton Place, Washington, DC 20520-5300


telephone: [1] (441) 295-1342


FAX: [1] (441) 295-1592, [1] (441) 296-9233		 -
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas territory of the UK) -
Disputes - international none some maritime disputes (see littoral states)
Economic aid - recipient NA -
Economy - overview Bermuda enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, equal to that of the US. Its economy is primarily based on providing financial services for international business and luxury facilities for tourists. The effects of 11 September 2001 have had both positive and negative ramifications for Bermuda. On the positive side, a number of new reinsurance companies have located on the island, contributing to the expansion of an already robust international business sector. On the negative side, Bermuda's tourism industry - which derives over 80% of its visitors from the US - was severely hit as American tourists chose not to travel. Tourism rebounded somewhat in 2002-03. Most capital equipment and food must be imported. Bermuda's industrial sector is small, although construction continues to be important; the average cost of a house in June 2003 had risen to $976,000. Agriculture is limited, only 6% of the land being arable. Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals.
Electricity - consumption 598.6 million kWh (2001) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) -
Electricity - production 643.7 million kWh (2001) -
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Town Hill 76 m		 lowest point: Fram Basin -4,665 m


highest point: sea level 0 m
Environment - current issues asbestos disposal; water pollution; preservation of open space; sustainable development endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack
Ethnic groups black 58%, white 36%, other 6% -
Exchange rates Bermudian dollar per US dollar - 1.0000 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar) -
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Sir John VEREKER (since NA April 2002)


head of government: Premier Alex SCOTT (since 24 July 2003); Deputy Premier Ewart BROWN


cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the premier, appointed by the governor


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed premier by the governor		 -
Exports NA (2001) -
Exports - commodities reexports of pharmaceuticals -
Exports - partners France 62%, Norway 13.8%, UK 7.5% (2003) -
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March -
Flag description red, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms (white and green shield with a red lion holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship Sea Venture off Bermuda in 1609) centered on the outer half of the flag -
GDP purchasing power parity - $2.33 billion (2003 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 1%


industry: 10%


services: 89% (2002 est.)		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $36,000 (2003 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 2% (2003 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 32 20 N, 64 45 W 90 00 N, 0 00 E
Geography - note consists of about 138 coral islands and islets with ample rainfall, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some land was leased by US Government from 1941 to 1995 major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months
Highways total: 450 km


paved: 450 km


unpaved: 0 km


note: public roads - 209 km; private roads - 241 km (2002)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA		 -
Imports NA (2001) -
Imports - commodities machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, chemicals, food and live animals -
Imports - partners Kazakhstan 46.7%, France 32.5%, US 8.5% (2003) -
Independence none (overseas territory of the UK) -
Industrial production growth rate NA -
Industries tourism, international business, light manufacturing -
Infant mortality rate total: 8.79 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 10.45 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 7.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)		 -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3.3% (mid-2003 est.) -
International organization participation Caricom (associate), ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), IOC, UPU, WCO, Egmont Group, Caribbean Financial Action Task Force -
Irrigated land NA sq km -
Judicial branch Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts -
Labor force 37,470 (2000) -
Labor force - by occupation agriculture and fishing 3%, laborers 17%, clerical 22%, professional and technical 17%, administrative and managerial 13%, sales 8%, services 20% (2000 est.) -
Land boundaries 0 km -
Land use arable land: 20%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 80% (55% developed, 45% rural/open space) (2001)		 -
Languages English (official), Portuguese -
Legal system English law -
Legislative branch bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (an 11-member body appointed by the governor, the premier, and the opposition) and the House of Assembly (36 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve up to five-year terms)


elections: last general election held 24 July 2003 (next to be held NA July 2008)


election results: percent of vote by party - PLP 51.7%, UBP 48%; seats by party - PLP 22, UBP 14		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population: 77.6 years


male: 75.54 years


female: 79.7 years (2004 est.)		 -
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 98%


male: 98%


female: 99% (1970 est.)		 -
Location North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of South Carolina (US) body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle
Map references North America Arctic Region
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm		 -
Merchant marine total: 94 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 4,845,326 GRT/6,501,782 DWT


by type: bulk 25, cargo 4, container 17, liquefied gas 9, passenger 6, petroleum tanker 9, refrigerated cargo 11, roll on/roll off 10, short-sea/passenger 3


foreign-owned: Croatia 5, Germany 2, Greece 21, Hong Kong 9, Indonesia 1, Sweden 6, Switzerland 1, United Kingdom 33, United States 12


registered in other countries: 2 (2004 est.)		 -
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the UK -
Military branches Bermuda Regiment -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $4.03 million (2001) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.11% (FY00/01) -
National holiday Bermuda Day, 24 May -
Nationality noun: Bermudian(s)


adjective: Bermudian		 -
Natural hazards hurricanes (June to November) ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May
Natural resources limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales)
Net migration rate 2.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) -
Political parties and leaders Gombey Liberation Party or GLP [Gavin Sundjata SMITH]; National Liberal Party or NLP [Dessaline WALDRON]; Progressive Labor Party or PLP [William Alexander SCOTT]; United Bermuda Party or UBP [Grant GIBBONS]; -
Political pressure groups and leaders Bermuda Employer's Union [Eddie SAINTS]; Bermuda Industrial Union or BIU [Derrick BURGESS]; Bermuda Public Services Union or BPSU [Ed BALL]; Bermuda Union of Teachers [Michael CHARLES] -
Population 64,935 (July 2004 est.) -
Population below poverty line 19% (2000) -
Population growth rate 0.68% (2004 est.) -
Ports and harbors Hamilton, Saint George's, Dockyard Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (Russia), Prudhoe Bay (US)
Radio broadcast stations AM 5, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998) -
Religions non-Anglican Protestant 39%, Anglican 27%, Roman Catholic 15%, other 19% -
Sex ratio at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female


total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2004 est.)		 -
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment: good


domestic: modern, fully automatic telephone system


international: country code - 1-441; 3 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 56,000 (2002) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 37,873 (2003) -
Television broadcast stations 4 (2003) -
Terrain low hills separated by fertile depressions central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that averages about 3 meters in thickness, although pressure ridges may be three times that size; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge)
Total fertility rate 1.9 children born/woman (2004 est.) -
Transportation - note - sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes; the Northwest Passage (North America) and Northern Sea Route (Eurasia) are important seasonal waterways
Unemployment rate 5% (2002 est.) -
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